Outgoing Lines Underground and Overhead : To another switchgear and protective devices suitable for the loads taking electricity. An Emergency Power Supply System. Others Component Depending on the type of Electrical Substation. Why Substation Needed. Share this Story.
Electrical Substation. I am going to post a series August 2, Electrical Substation Electrical Transformer. Current Transformers CT are the devices in which the secondary current used for calculation is proportional to the primary current produced December 2, May 25, Installation: The GIS is usually installed on a monolithic concrete pad or the floor of a building.
It is most often May 11, Electrical and Physical Arrangement: For any electrical one-line diagram there are usually several possible physical arrangements. The shape of the site April 12, One of the cool parts about our electrical infrastructure is that most of it is out in the open so anyone can have a look. Those roles depend on which parts of the electrical grid are being connected together and the types, number, and reliability requirements of the eventual customers downstream.
And the first and often simplest of these roles is switching. The general layout of a substation consists of some number of electric lines called conductors if you want to fit in with the electrical engineers coming into the facility. These high voltage conductors connect to a series of some or many pieces of equipment before heading out to their next step in the power grid. As a junction point in the grid, a substation often serves as the termination of many individual power lines.
This creates redundancy, making sure that the substation stays energized even if one transmission lines goes down. But, it also creates complexity. The connections to these various devices are called buses, often rigid, overhead conductors that run along the entire substation. The arrangement of the bus is a critical part of the design of any substation because it can have a major impact on the overall reliability.
Like all equipment, substations occasionally have malfunctions or things that simply require regular maintenance. To avoid shutting down the entire substation, we need switches that can isolate equipment, transfer load, and control the flow of electricity along the bus. At high voltages, even air can act like a conductor, which means even if you create a break in a line, electricity can continue flowing in a phenomenon known as an arc.
Not only does arcing defeat the purpose of a switch, it is incredibly dangerous and damaging to equipment. So, switching in a substation is a carefully-controlled procedure with specially-designed equipment to handle high voltages. Disconnect switches are often just called switchgear in addition to the equipment that serves another important role in a substation: protection. I mentioned earlier that much of our electrical infrastructure is exposed and out in the open. From lightning strikes to rogue tree limbs, windstorms to squirrels, grid operators contend with so many threats to their infrastructure on a day by day basis.
When something causes a short circuit on the power grid, also called a fault, it can severely damage power lines and other equipment. Not only that, because of the overwhelming complexity of the power grid, faults can and do cascade in unexpected and sometimes uncontrollable ways, leaving huge populations without power for hours or days.
Many of the ways we protect equipment from faults are handled at a substation. One of the most common types of electrical fault is a short circuit to ground. This type of fault creates a low-resistance path for current to flow and leads to an overload of power lines and equipment.
The simplest way to protect against this type of fault is with a fuse, a device that physically burns out at a certain current threshold. On the other hand, circuit breakers are a class of devices that serve similar roles as fuses, but provide more sophistication for dealing with a wide variety of faults. Like disconnect switches, circuit breakers need to be carefully designed to interrupt huge voltages and currents without damage.
They are basically designed with the help of containing high voltage equipment which includes transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear, and other associated devices. The electricity that is available at the electricity towers are very high in voltage, if that electricity is supplied to households then it will burn up your whole system and damage your appliances hence substations are built in order to step down electricity from a high voltage transmission system to electricity with lower in order to supply it to households, industries, companies and various other places where it is needed.
The distribution lines carry out the task of supplying electricity to various places. Local electrical companies have many substations placed at various checkpoints in the country in the areas in which they provide the customers; you will see a number of substations in and around the country. The substation has a number of key components which manage the step down of the electricity from a supply of high voltage to a supply of lower voltage, these components have a high chance of getting damaged hence it is important to keep them protected while designing a substation.
The first section is the place where the generation takes place and its set up is laid out to reroute the generation of power to the substations. This section where the generation takes place is the most essential and huge part of the whole layout because high electricity enters the substation through this. The second section provides electricity to other substations and also reroutes the energy out of the electricity grid when it is not being used.
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